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Liens http://www.africamaat.com/article.php3?id_article=304

Statue : La plus ancienne Marie et le plus ancien Jésus de France

Les plus anciennes « MARIE » sont noires. « Marie » est souvent surnommée « l’Égyptienne ». Ce prénom est typiquement Kamit. Il vient étymologiquement du verbe « Mari, Méri » en égyptien ancien et signifie « aimer » en français. MARIE reprend tous les attributs de ISIS (notamment appelée "Mère de Dieu")

Source http://www.udayton.edu/mary/resources/blackm/blackm02.html#fra

BV on the door of the Nativity at royal entrance to the cathedral, modeled after the BV from the crypt, destroyed in 16 C.

Budapest In museum of the Church of St. Matthew, Black Madonna of Loretto, 17th Century

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SOURCE http://www.cwo.com/~lucumi/madonnas.html

H I S T O R Y N O T E S

A NOTE ON THE BLACK MADONNAS OF EUROPE

By RUNOKO RASHIDI

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"A man's mind is elevated to the status of the women with whom he associates." --Alexander Dumas

For thousands of years the African woman has been worshipped and idolized by individuals, families and nations in Africa and around the world. Ancient records show her as queen, goddess and saint. The African woman has led mighty nations into battle, founded splendid royal dynasties, performed sacred miracles and given birth to messiahs. No other human of any racial or ethnic type has been or should be as broadly venerated as the African woman. This is as it should be. All praises due the African woman.

The Black Madonnas of Europe are perhaps the most venerated icons in European Christendom. According to L.W. Moss and S.C. Cappannari:

"All the Black Madonnas are powerful images; they are miracle workers. They are implored for intercession in the various problems of fertility. Pilgrimages covering hundreds of kilometers are made to these specific shrines. The degree of adorational fervor far exceeds that attached to other representations of the Virgin. For example, until the last decade, when the practice was explicitly forbidden by church authorities, pilgrims journeying to the shrine of Mount Vergine would climb the steps of the church on their knees, licking each step with their tongues. We are, thus equating the blackness of the images with their power. The attitude of the pilgrim approaches not reverence but worship (latrial)."

In Russia during the nineteenth century the Russian General Kutuzov had his army pray before the Black Madonna of Kazan before the historic victory at Borodina. The same Madonna is said to have inspired Rasputin and may now be in the United States. In reference to the Black Madonna of Montserrat, Spain, it said that "He is not well wed who has not taken his wife to Montserrat." Spain has more than fifty images of the Black Madonna. Nineteen have been documented in Germany. Italy has more than thirty Black Madonnas. France has more than three-hundred.

SOURCES: The Cult of the Black Virgin, by Ian Begg Black Women in Antiquity, edited by Ivan Van Sertima

************************************************ SOURCE http://www.cwo.com/~lucumi/madonbib.html

THE BLACK MADONNAS OF EUROPE A SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Compiled by RUNOKO RASHIDI

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Begg, Ean. The Cult of the Black Virgin. London: Arkana, 1986.

Davis, Juanita. "See White Madonna, See White Lie!" Positive Black Voices (May 1991): 8.

Drazek, Czeslaw. "The Image of the `Black Madonna' is an Expression of God's Presence." L`Osservatore Romano (12/19 Aug 1991): 3.

Gabriella, Virgilio. "The Statue of Our Lady in the Holy House." Loreto History 16, No. 3 (1983): 74-75.

Gustafson, Fred. The Black Madonna. Boston: Sigo Press, 1990.

McKinney-Johnson, Eloise. "Egypt's Isis: The Original Black Madonna." Black Women in Antiquity. Rev. ed. Edited by Ivan Van Sertima. New Brunswick: Journal of African Civilizations, 1987: 64-71.

Moss, Leonard W., and Stephen C. Cappannari. "The Black Madonna: An Example of Culture Borrowing." Scientific Monthly 73 (1953): 319-24.

Moss, Leonard W., and Stephen C. Cappannari. "In Quest of the Black Virgin: She is Black Because She is Black." Mother Worship: Theme and Variations. Edited by James J. Preston. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1982: 53-74.

Muhammad, Tynnetta. "World Renown Black Madonna and Child: A Sign." The Final Call, 10 Feb 1989: 27.

Paris, Hilu. "African Christianity and the Black Madonna." Appendix to Black Christian Nationalism: New Directions for the Black Church, by Albert B. Cleage, Jr. New York: Morrow, 1972: 275-81.

Person-Lynn, Kwaku. "Mary--the Black Madonna." Los Angeles Sentinel, 25 April 1991: A-8.

Redd, Danita R. "Black Madonnas of Europe: Diffusion of the African Isis." Black Women in Antiquity. Rev. ed. Edited by Ivan Van Sertima. New Brunswick: Journal of African Civilizations , 1987: 162-87.